Gale is an American educational publishing company based in Farmington Hills, Michigan, west of Detroit. It has been a division of Cengage since 2007.

ICPSR, the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, was established by University of Michigan in 1962, an integral part of the infrastructure of social science research.

Scirus is a search engine that scans an international collection of institutional repositories and other resources.

The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) is an international alliance of academic and research libraries.